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"INTENSE BLACK RED CANARIES"

In canaricoltura color canaries blacks until recently known as brown-black, are those from both the phenotype and genotype both in terms closer to the ancestral Serinus. This similarity should be taken with caution because the selection process took place over the years has moved away from the canary black cousin of the Canary Islands in a net and obvious. In this respect, particular importance is the decision of our Technical Committee, if I am going back to 1997 from Standard to eliminate the presence of pheomelanin canary giving rise to today's monomelanici, that canaries with only eumelanin. Hence the official name change from black-brown to black, I do not agree that name because the total depletion of phaeomelanin in the canary seems utopian undertaking. In this paper, aimed primarily at beginners, I will speak of the canary black detailing the Standard and selective techniques designed to create a strain value. According to their variety the blacks are divided into:

- Canary yellow, black and canary yellow ivory black
- Canary Canary black red black red and ivory
- Canary Black Canary Black and white dominant recessive white

The distinctive feature of these canaries is represented by oxidation dell'eumelanina black will need to speak to the best interest of feathers, feet, nails and beak. The melanins affecting the plumage (EU black and brown traces of EU) contribute to the formation of the so-called design that takes different names depending on the part of the mantle involved, standing in: streaking, vergature, markings and mustache.
Although all parts of the design of a canary black are important for its authenticity, particular importance are the streaks that affect the head, back, chest and hips.

streaks

leave from the front and back stretch for all the initially thin on the head, but it became considerably wider on the back. To be fit for the standard to be long, without interruption, and as large as possible. With regard to the thickness of the stripes should be pointed out the interference of the type category, in fact, blacks and especially the mosaic frosted streaks show clearly larger than the blacks, who owned a banner closer rarely can show very large designs.

The vergature

instead represent the design of medium and coverts are similar to the comma facing the back.

Markings

cover the flight feathers, coverts the helmsman and the primary interest almost entirely, except for a thin peripheral edge affected by lipochrome.

The mustache

typical Serinus whiskers are similar to present at the jaws and is particularly evident in males.
These four forms of drawing as described above will give the maximum oxidation, which will show a very heavy black and brilliant, moving away from a ground which is evident traces pheomelanins. In this regard the presence of pheomelanin is easy to identify in a frosted or in a mosaic, this being brown in color, the same argument you can not do because of the intense mixing with the relatively lipochrome makes it difficult to visual perception. To overcome this problem the novice should pay lipochrome much attention to the canary in question, making sure it is a very bright color and lit, warm colors in black and straw-yellow as they are unwrapped unwrapped those canaries that have a lipochrome tending to brick red in black. To underline in this respect is the sexual dimorphism, as females usually show signs of difficult pheomelanins grubbing, consequently when we are faced with a female black canary necessarily looked at with some tolerance.
To switch to selective techniques, which could be a useful strain of blacks, we must highlight the major flaws that morphologically this canary away from the standard expected from the National Technical Committee.
To this end, we begin to not take all those farm animals which may be broken or too thin design. In relation to this rule must be extremely selective hard fact that draft too fragmented a player will inevitably be reflected in almost all the children and then will be hard to eliminate this defect. Then keep only those that have the long and wide stripes.
A different but should be done for the oxidation, in fact, if the standard provides paws, claws and beak very steeped in black must take account of the phenomenon known as "Black Leather". This event occurs when phenotypic a selection pressure is applied disproportionately in favor of those most blacks, but in addition to affecting the morphology excess of the hormone responsible for the formation dell'eumelanina black canaries usually produces sterile and constantly changes. To not run into that problem is always wise to apply the principle of compensation, matching a person with a highly oxidized making the skin and corneas share a little 'clearer. Last, but not when it 's important is the choice by the breeder, the subjects without pheomelanin except for females as described above must be observed with some tolerance because they show evidence pheomelanins difficult to eradicate.

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CURIOUS ON HOW TO START A BREEDING CANARIES? What are you waiting! Take a look at this article! Then ....... leave a comment!

There are great difficulties in raising canaries, but there are many enthusiasts who annually test themselves in the breeding of canary, thinking that the care and maintenance of any pair of canaries is slightly account management and easy. It is a grave mistake to believe that it is enough to get any pair of canaries to be sure of success. There are some basic principles of the aspiring farmer must follow if he wants to get in ideal conditions starting to get good if not excellent results in breeding of these birds. The best time to obtain valid subjects of Reproduction is between October. In this period the majority of the canaries has completed the outline, we have therefore in all their beauty with feathers newly renovated. Birds intended for breeding should be prepared to work that awaits them in the cove, then you will have plenty of time to maintain a good preparation for the future of the cove Players. Before purchasing the birds, you need to know what type of canary you intend to breed. Who looks out for the first time in this world may not know that in Italy there are many enthusiasts entered in Breeders FOI (Italian Federation Ornicoltori), which breed in a competitive amateur and birds of different races, comparing them throughout the winter period in many exhibitions, organized by ornithological organizations affiliated with the FOI. It is here that we find farmers who annually produce the canaries of all breeds, it is from them that the novice has to buy canaries with these features:

1) young Canaries this year in possession of immovable ring , where the code is engraved RNA breeder - The year of birth of the canary - a serial number - symbol of the Federation who has the ring.


2) Subjects must have bright eyes and brilliant, should not remain motionless on the perch or in a corner of the cage, the feathers should appear smooth, bright and close to the body, it should not swell "snookered" presents with ruffled feathers and blinked.

3) canaries in November should be good in the flesh, blowing it turns out from beneath the belly to be pale yellow in color, if you wear dark spots is a sign that the person to liver problems, if you has swollen reddened is a sign of intestinal problems, if approaching the canary in our ears we hear the boos because the subject is suffering from asthma.
purchasing entities for which we have observed these rules of choice you are already well advanced. Also needs to arrange for appropriate housing and a balanced diet to make the most of our friends that we will pay off at the right time with much satisfaction and perhaps with their reproduction.
The canaries are bred in captivity for centuries and would not be able to adapt in the wild. The cage is their home, but we need to have this basic requirement.
cages should not be taken into account with a length less than 45cm, more logically, the cage is bigger and better they will be the canaries that will be able to make small flights. Essential
and practicality of the cages must be of a simple and straightforward in order to perform work in a fast and effective sanitation.
The cages should be placed in local free currents of air, smoke, direct sunlight, dust.
You can put the canaries in the open, paying attention to the airflow and perhaps repair the cage used in mobile use or simply covering it with plastic sheets to ensure proper ventilation of course.
wrong to take canaries into the outside during the day and night, you run the risk of incurring false raffreddature and mute.
Canaries should be fed with a mixture of seeds, regularly supplemented with fresh vegetable matter such as vegetables and fruits, minerals and food especially protein and energy value what 'is the pastoncino or egg biscuit.
mixtures of seeds if they are ready in that the bulk trade is important that they are sealed and quality that are free of dust, balanced and not especially old.
canaricoltori The experts generally prefer to buy the seeds separately and compose blends to suit your needs.
Two or three times a week should be administered in a manger separate a small dose of another mixture of equal parts of seeds of lettuce, chicory and poppy seeds small and expensive.
These seeds are considered air conditioners, that is used to keep in shape all year round and especially at the time of reproduction, should be given half a teaspoon per person every two days at the time of love and other small doses seasons.
The spike of panic hung the cage is very pleasing to the canaries. All
granivorous birds INDEPENDENT regular fresh vegetable matter, rich in vitamins. A good breeder will make sure that every day in the cage there is a sweet piece of fruit or some vegetables. Among the vegetables
more like the canaries are: lettuce, chicory, endive, kale, broccoli, spinach, envy, radicchio, cucumber, tomatoes, carrots.
The vegetables should be washed and dried perfectly administered.
The fruit is most suitable for canaries apple, but also other seasonal fruit is ripe attractive as long as you can not get used to the consumption of these food
Each type of fruit should be given in small doses to be consumed before it deteriorates. Even
granivorous birds need small doses of nutrients that animal in a cage can be represented by a slice of boiled egg or egg as an alternative to the cookie.
All canaries should have throughout the years of mineral supplements, including cuttlebone and grit with the addition of powdered charcoal.
In places where drinking water is not good it will be appropriate to use mineral water, which may be added if necessary vitamin supplements or just a little bit of sodium bicarbonate (5 mg / l) once a week to help the digestive process.


SEASONAL the delicate phase of the suit of the plumage

I need to make a clarification. In nature, the life cycle of birds is controlled by the seasons, the winter with short days and limited quality and quantity of suitable food for granivorous birds, following the Spring with the lengthening of days which brings with it the awakening of nature abundance of immature seeds of various quality and timing of maturation (exclusive food for canaries unprocessed), berries, fruits and natural abundance of cibo.sia in quality than quantity. It 'clear that in this context, the reproductive activity begins in the spring. For a pet canary that does not have the stimulus of the increased possibility of food intake and immature seeds (the majority of domestic canaries unknown) the only element that seasonal variation is the duration of light.
The plumage of birds has a delicate structure and ends up spoiling over time, hence the need for a complete makeover once a year, at the end of the breeding season. In truth
birds possess endocrine glands that are activated by certain hormones, appointed to particular assets and brought into use at certain times of the year influenced by the daily duration of light (photoperiod). The activity of these glands are reflected outwardly in hyper-activity or hypo-activity.
Nesting is activated by the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland that stimulate the male and female gonads (ovaries and testes), producing in one case, the inspiration to act riproduzione.La suit is caused by the reduction of environmental or natural photoperiod increasing thyroid hormones, causing a sharp drop in the blood of the rate of sex hormones and hormonal causes involution of the gonads and the end of the reproductive phase.
The plumage of canaries is composed of feathers, the difference is the structure and function that they assolvono.in general; Therefore, it is more correct to speak of feathers as the feathers of a canary it is composed in large majority, and that the feathers are to a lesser extent, all hidden by feathers. If a bird loses a few feather pen or at any time of the year, renewed in a short span of time (30 - 40 days), but a total replacement of the coating is completed plumeo annualmente.Tale biological process called muda, or more commonly outline of the body requires a special effort canaries, which occurs in a period immediately following the efforts already made for procreation and the weaning of nidacei so it is recommended the adoption of certain measures by livestock farmers. The replacement is 2-3% of body weight of the canary.
In fact, every year there are two changes: one part that does not involve the pens never rowers and helmsman, and that happens in March, and usually goes unnoticed and does not require special attention.
The suit itself is usually done between August and September, but sometimes starts in July. The plumage is
changes in times and in different ways including adult, senior adult and hatchling.
suit in adults:
Usually for adults, takes place immediately after the successful completion of the last brood year and the replacement of the feathers is total, but not all enter into canaries changes at once, and this can vary from bird to bird.
suit in the elderly: the canaries "elders" are normally difficult to outline due to the prolonged growth of new feathers, and not regrowth of some, and in recent years, the canary is increasingly "plucked" and almost permanent changes.
suit in the novel: The young of the year, however, may be delayed a little because they do not change before 40 days after birth and renew only the feathers by not renewing rowers and helmsman (unless they have been plucked from their parents).
life changes:
The duration of the suit, normally lasts for a month and a half or two months (about 6 weeks). the pituitary gland (endocrine gland) performs several functions including the increased blood flow to the taste buds at the base of each feather follicle stimulating the formation of new feathers growing expelled from the follicle and that the old feathers making them fall. Failure to outline
:
Some specimens can not be met during a one-year trial of the suit of feathers, but if the rest are in normal conditions, there is no need to intervene, but if it does not appear to be in good physical condition or if, in the case of females, they persist in wanting to continue the nesting, the intervention breeder is essential. Canary to be essential to prevent further reproductive effort, trying to put an end to the nest with food stimuli calming. Some farmers are accustomed to rip some Feather pen and helmsman to stimulate the beginning of the suit. All canaries that do not appear in the suit and ill health, should be placed in a warm environment (cage infirmary, or other) and kept in dim light and quiet as possible.
delay changes for women: The female canaries kept in cages, breeding estrus is longer than that of the male should avoid straining in vain, to stop this instinct and speed up the process forward in outline. In the case of persistence, you can use the following methods in progress (if it does not work the first inserting the second and so on).
1) Move the cage to another location.
2) twilight Making the environment in which they are located.
3) temporarily suspend the protein feeding and make the power more spartan temporarily excluding the seeds and more caloric heating.
4) Tear off some helmsman and some abdomen and rump feathers that come off easily (one at a time!)

• Temperature: During the suit, in the season summer the temperature should not fall below 18 degrees Celsius, or the looming danger that a sudden cooling stops the physiological process under way. The ideal conditions would be cool, stable temperature.
  
• Photosensitivity: The birds do not like changes in solar radiation and need a quiet and gentle shadows. The bathroom should be permitted as long as it avoided the slightest air current. The ideal conditions would dim light environment and stability of the intensity and duration of illumination (with the normal variations of the day!). Different conditions may be harmful. remember we're not talking about brightness and duration of light (the length of daylight decreases from June!).
  
• Ventilation: is recommended especially at this time to enjoy the canaries of a regular exchange of air and avoid stagnant air and air currents.
  different conditions of brightness temperature and ventilation, may be harmful.
  
• Bath: The bath newspaper can promote the renewal of the plumage.
  
• Power: The breeder should provide light but nutritious diet, rich in vitamins (especially B and D) and minerals, so you have to make right use of fresh vegetable matter, supplemented by small amounts of lipids and proteins.
  Food Lipids = Fats: Lipids in small quantities, are essential for the proper pigmentation of the canaries in color (especially for lipochrome). The increase in the yields of fat feeding can be achieved by increasing the dose of oilseeds (flaxseed better) pastoncino or grease lightly with vegetable oils (sunflower oil) or the usual corn flour (2% addizzionata with corn oil) carefully, the oil is subject to rancidity and the oil is not always tolerated because of its normal acidity). The fatty acids of Omega 3 and Omega 6 (linoleic acid and the latter containing gamma - linolenic acid) are essential for the health of the canary, and can only be taken through food (seeds), are essential for proper physical development and play an essential role in protecting the skin and plumage influencing the thickness and hardness of the skin helping to reduce or eliminate the problems associated with lumps and allow to escape from his pen pterilio. The skin should be fine as an "onionskin". The Camelina sativa is a seed that, with Omega 3 and Omega 6 oils contained therein is very useful for the development of the nestlings and for stage moulting. The administration of a certain amount of oilseeds in addition to semi clear, should cease at the end of the suit, not to allow canaries to metabolize these fatty acids causing fatness inappropriate and counterproductive for playback.
  
• Power Protein During moulting proteins are a crucial factor for sisntetizzare keratin they are made of feathers. The hard-boiled egg is an excellent source of protein rich in sulfur amino acids which also allow the recruitment of sulfur by the body (very useful when parts of the feathers as contributing to its composition with the keratin and other substances). The Camelina sativa, which thanks to its protein content is between 18 and 20% is also a good food because it contains oils Omega 3 and Omega 6. It should be the administration of pine seeds, rapeseed, canola, flax, oats, pearl.
  mineral supplements: In the period in which there is the outline of the birds must have mineral supplements. Also it should be administered and the addition of sodium bicarbonate in the drinking water.
  
• harmful Power: The supply of flour food supplemented with flour of feathers is unnecessary and counterproductive. Intestinal digestive enzymes (proteases) can not metabolized the protein keratin, which is the whole structure of feather keratin pure state can not be assimilated! and since these supplements are produced by the spraying of the feathers of other birds, we can not exclude a possible biological contamination.
  
• Song: During moulting canaries are less lively and cease to sing because singing is unlined to make themselves attractive to partners. In this period under consideration, an acute drowsiness sex, almost canaries stop singing unless otherwise requested .... the spirit of competition but there is always! To check for the presence of males among the youngsters could use the system to listen to a recorded warble and probably emulation will start to warble (young people in a subdued as if they prepare for a concert!) will serve them well for almost all take part in a song with a voice teacher ... choose a recording of a good singer! If there was a need to distinguish between young males and females used the method to me is that after identifying the alleged male (but also some female warble in a more rudimentary), ringing plastic ring with a split red.
• Photoperiod and dumb: The canaries have a very delicate mechanism of photosensitivity. Once the appropriate photoperiod, it must be maintained constant without changes, or a lack of light or a variable photoperiod provide a stimulus for the block of the reproduction and induction of changes also a longer photoperiod can cause a shortening of the breeding season and a pack early. Once the suit starts immediately ending the reproductive activity. The photoperiod should not exceed 17 hours of light a day, could create imbalances in nature there is no photoperiod equal if not at the poles where normally there are not canaries!
  
• Penalty: 50% of dead canaries, occurs during the changeover period, not necessarily taken for diseases in this period, but simply because being a time when they are weakened, may be affected also acchiacchi old.
  
• Shorten: At the end of the suit you need to check the tip of the beak and nail to ensure that do not have too long, if you check the difference with a cut-and-nail for the bill by holding it in a way that the cut is made on both sides and from above to below, for your nails at least two millimeters after the veins you see nell'unghia. The trick to provide the cuttlefish will prevent an abnormal growth of the beak, as well as provide the feeders with perches file-nail avoid the abnormal growth of nails.
  
• Couples: Even after molting of the novel, form pairs. They sleep together, side by side, seeking contact with the body of their partner is primed each other and scratch their head where the bill fails to arrive.
  

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CANARIES OF FORM AND POSITION PLAIN

YORKSHIRE
The origins of Yorkshire are among the safest we know and not only because of its recent appearance, as documented for the commitment of some British farmers who, around 1870, as evidenced by writers of they used the old Lancashire and the first giant Bossu just landed in England from the continent, for canaries by default features even if, in fact, Bredsford already 50 years earlier, was brought up a "canary long, fine and upright." Around 1940 he introduced into the strain that gave Norwich to Yorkshire that wonderful combination of elegance and power which is currently the "gentleman "undisputed canaries.

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SCOTCH AND FANCY
'undoubtedly the source of Scotch by Bossu. The old name of' Girvin 'with which it was called at the beginning - we are at the beginning of 1800 - is none other than the name of a Scottish town, the sea, where a traveler or sailor had brought from the mainland the already well-known Bossu.All 'beginning, then, the Scotch is nothing more than the imported Bossu in Scotland and according to the place called "Girvin," "Scotch Fancy' or 'Glasgow Fancy".

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English race
The English race goes directly to the wild canary, which refers to the size, rustic, vivacity and prolificità.Fino to 1948 was called "Canario del Pais" and was raised primarily in Catalogna.Il first standard of 1931 but the English race had its international recognition in 1956 since it became included in the specialization canaries in shape and position as the "canary of the couleur espagnol."

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The historical origins of
NORWICH NORWICH, like those of almost all the oldest English canaries, mainland are brought to England by a group of persecuted on political-religious . The modem form is due to the perseverance and passion of the farmers in the county of Norfolk where, precisely, and Norwich was the canary in Prescot widest possible dissemination.

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LIZARD
It 's the oldest race, the only one that has not changed through the secoli.La history of its origin is uncertain. We know only that the subjects were first imported to England by French refugees who fled due to political and religious persecution in the second half of 1500. "LIZARD", that lizard is the name that comes to design scaled back.

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LANCASHIRE
E 'the progenitor of the canaries English Large and all copies must clumps, directly or indirectly, to him the merit This ornament had a strange spontaneous mutation occurred in the middle of 700. Its origins are somewhat uncertain and, perhaps, is born in Flanders, even if the breed is selected and permanently fixed Attoma in 1700 by English breeders in the city of Manchester also using Bossu.Le reasons for its extinction - Final round in 1920 - are to be found in the looting that was operated in allevamenti.Oggi commitment to good breeders are reporting the race for the glory of the past, but seems lost the characteristic tuft of horse-shoe. "

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JAPAN JAPAN HOSO HOSO
II was born in Japan around 1926, but appeared in Europe in the '60s. Bossu Taken originally from Belgium, the Scotch Fancy and Glasgow was selected from a farmer named Nakamura who called his farm hose.

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GLOSTER
The GLOSTER makes his first appearance on the scene of the early canaricoltura 30.Il GLOSTER canary meant to be a tuft , and enjoyed a time just for this feature, is now exposed in two varieties CONSORT (without crest) and CORONA (forelock), distinct but complementary exhibitions in coupling. GLOSTER The scale values \u200b\u200bof preference items "body" (paragraph 20), "testacorona" (points 20), "size" (20 points), 'feathering' (paragraph 15), shows exactly that the selection should aim not only to get good tufts, also in the form of smooth, rounded body, finesse and composure of the plumage , and the minuteness of the size.

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FIFE FANCY
Minute, lively, especially valuable for its plumage, the Fife is the recent finding, to be welcomed, the efforts of farmers Scottish selective degeneration as opposed to more frequent of which went toward the Border, bigger and Inevitably, more and more broken in the Border piumaggio.Piccolo then? Of course, common origins, but now perfectly delineated racial and quickly established with its fertility, the domestication and its strength in birds so unimaginable and seemingly fragile minutes.

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CREST
His story is confusing and, in a sense, parallel to that of Norwich, the effect of the crown on that canary was sent by Lancashire.Quando selection, understood as a tendency to maximization of the crown, divided differentiating the two races, especially in a feature that is in the plumage, as abundant as in one long and short and compact in the other, gave rise to the final consecration of CREST.

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Bossu BELGIAN
The ancient ancestors were surely the old and the old Dutch Malinois and the heyday came around the end of 1700, when the Belgian cities of Ghent, Antwerp and Liege were organized numerous exhibitions specialistiche.Il sunset, mainly due to the removal of best subjects then used to derive other races by British farmers, begins immediately after and up to 1920, is considered virtually Bossu estinto.La its reconstruction, which took place immediately after the war, it should be, basically, the famous Belgian breeder Mr . Dawans.

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AND BORDER 'the canary English far more widespread, although its origins remain uncertain due to the fact that the first farmers, artisans many times, did not care to leave some written documents about the races that they raised, but only paid attention to cultivate their passion pastime . Surely, however, have long contended that the news they wanted to or originating in Scotland, England risoltesi then towards the end of 1800 when, with the birth of prirni Club of specialization, our canary was called, precisely because BORDER raised in the border areas between the two countries.

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TO CANARY YELLOW

The poems of a good man - José Martí



cultivate a white rose In July as in January For the
friend What I sincerely
holds out his hand away. And for the cruel
who pulled
The heart that gives me life Do not cultivate
plug or caterpillar,
cultivate the white rose.


I think, when I become cheerful
As a simple schoolboy,
the canary yellow -
Who the eye so black!
I want when I die,
Homeless, but without a master,
have on my tombstone
a branch of flowers - and a flag!

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VIDEO: "THE SONG OF THE CANARY. WHERE IS MY PASSION IS BORN